Development of New Product: Rambutan Pulpy Juice

This study aimed to know the effect of adding pulp in rambutan fruit juice on the characteristics of rambutan juice during storage. Research using the CRD, the treatment were kind of pulp (mandarin and rambutan) and pulp concentration (5%, 7.5%, and 10%). The results showed that the addition of pulp significantly affect the characteristics of rambutan juice (pH, vitamin C, total acid) during storage. Pulpy juice with the most prefered was addition of rambutan pulp as much as 7.5% (w/v) and the addition of citrus pulp as much as 7.5% (w/v) with the score of 3-4 (moderate like - like).     

金属－橡胶硫化粘接过程中分子取向行为的间接证据

对金属－橡胶热硫化粘接复合体的剥离行为进行了研究，同一粘接试样的双向１８０°剥离试验显示出了巨大的差异。本文分析了弹性材料在硫化过程中的分子行为，并提出了相应的新假设，认为这是由于金属－橡胶在硫化粘接过程中分子取向交联行为所致。这种双向１８０°剥离破坏现象可被看作是金属－橡胶硫化粘接过程中分子取向行为的间接证据。     

Analyses of the practical adhesion strengths of the metal/polymer interfaces in electronic packaging

There is a plethora of techniques to measure the adhesion strength of metal/polymer interfaces. However, the practical adhesion strength, which is the work done in separating the film from the substrate (or one film from another), is very sensitive to the test methods and the mechanical effects, such as the residual stress, thickness and mechanical properties of the layers, strain rate, and phase angle. Deriving intrinsic-adhesion properties of the interfaces, which are independent of such parameters, from the practical adhesion-strength measurements is a formidable task. In the present work, data from the three commonly used adhesion tests; pull-out, 90°-peel, and T-peel tests are compared with the intrinsic-adhesion properties of the interface, such as the interface-fracture toughness or the interface-fracture energy, and their implications are discussed. Material systems analyzed were Cu-based lead frame/epoxy-molding compound (EMC) and Cu/Cr/polyimide.     

Viscoelastic Windows of Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives

A viscoelastic window (VW) concept has been proposed to identify different types of pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSA's). Such viscoelastic windows are constructed from the values of dynamic storage modulus: G' and dynamic loss modulus G' at frequencies of 10^-2 and 10² rad/sec. These frequencies are chosen because the range covers most of the time scales corresponding to the uses of PSA's at different application rates in performance tests. A four quadrant concept has also been recommended to categorize different types of PSA's based on the location of their VW's on the log-log cross plot of G' and G'. It was found that for most PSA's, the range of G' and G' at room temperature within these selected frequencies falls between 10³ and 10⁶ Pascals. The proposed four-quadrants (top-left hand quadrant of high G' and low G', top-right hand quadrant of high G' and high G', lower left hand quadrant of low G' and low G', and lower right-hand quadrant of low G' and high G') correspond respectively to (1) non-PSA or release coatings (2) high shear PSA's, (3) removable PSA's and medical PSA's and (4) quick and cold stick PSA's. It was also observed that the VW's of general purpose permanent PSA's occupy the central region which straddles part of the four quadrants.     

微加速度计粘附问题的研究及应用

粘附是影响微机电系统(MEMS)可靠性的重要因素之一。针对MEMS的典型产品——微加速度计的粘附问题进行了研究,给出了2种典型的微加速度计的表征粘附特性的剥离数的表达式,并分析了将粘附条件应用于微加速度计的多学科设计优化之中,分析了其对系统结构设计产生的影响。     

GJ5×2双槽剥片机及其在高岭土剥片中的应用

GJ5×2大型双槽剥片机是国内超细物料加工中最新出现的超细磨/剥片设备,也是目前国内这一领域内最大规格的设备,已成功应用于煤系硬质高岭土剥片中,单机能力可达1.5～2.0t/h,产品细度可达小于2μm颗粒占85%～90%。     

Occurrence and Preclusion of Terpene Chlorohydrins in Citrus Essential Oils

ABSTRACT: Screening commercial cold-pressed oils revealed the presence of terpene chlorohydrins, which may have quality and safety implications for end-users. Concentrations of (1R, 2R, 4R)-2-chloro-8- p -menthen-1-ol in some citrus essential oils ranged from less than 1 to 140 ppm. More than half of the oils tested contained less than 2 ppm of (1R, 2R, 4R)-2-chloro-8- p -menthen-1-ol. A pilot plant study used different concentrations of chlorinated water during the oil-recovery process. Cold-pressed oil, produced from a 30-ppm chlorine solution, contained (1R, 2R, 4R)-2-chloro-8- p -menthen-1-ol at detection threshold. The presence of (1R, 2R, 4R)-2-chloro-8- p -menthen-1-ol in citrus essential oils results from processing conditions and can be reduced through the reduction of chlorine levels in treatment water.     

SEM observation of the “orange peel effect” of materials

This study investigated the peculiar “orange peel” effect often observed in nanomaterials using high-resolution scanning electron microscopes. The study used different materials, including semiconductor thin films and ceramic nanoparticles. The investigation established that the “orange peel” is of an artifact caused by the metallic coating of the samples in sample preparation. This discovery is important in eliminating the misinterpretation of such effect on the true surface feature of materials, hence avoiding the confusion in the discussion of the properties of nanomaterials.     

Lead recovery from aqueous environment by using porous carbon of citrus fruits waste: equilibrium,kinetics and thermodynamic studies

ABSTRACT

The mixture of citrus fruits (orange, grapefruit, mandarin, and lemon) wastes was utilized to obtain high surface area activated carbon (AC) by H₃PO₄ activation. The production conditions were optimized and the optimum conditions were determined. The optimal-activated carbon (CFWAC) was characterized by various physicochemical techniques. CFWAC was also used as a sorbent for Pb (II) ions from water. Batch experiments were performed to explore the adsorption capacity and mechanism. The Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic model showed good fitness to the experimental data. The maximum Pb (II) adsorption capacity of CFWAC was found to be 163.93 mg/g.